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DIAGNOSTIC INVESTIGATIONS: CLINICAL LABOROTARYTESTS

Q. Fats are generally implicated in the causation of ischaemic heart disease. Please tell me about their presence in the blood.

A. Two types of lipids (fats) have been implicated in the causation of atheroma (fatty deposits) in the arteries, namely, cholesterol and neutral fats called triglycerides. Cholesterol is the fatty substance that gets deposited on the arterial wall and obstructs the flow of blood. A high intake of cholesterol-containing foods (eggs, ghee, butter and organ meats from brain and liver) keeps the blood cholesterol level high and, over the years, it gets deposited on the arterial wall. You will, therefore, appreciate that the adverse effects are the result of prolonged high cholesterol levels in the blood, and just one egg or slight variations of cholesterol levels cannot make any immediate difference to the health of the person, nor can it precipitate a heart attack. The blood cholesterol levels are as follows:

Normal 150-220 mg%

Borderline 220-260 mg% High above 260 mg%

There are two types of cholesterol. HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol, and LDL (low density lipoprotein) cholesterol. It is the LDL cholesterol which tends to get deposited on the arterial wall, while the HDL cholesterol is protective and beneficial.

HDL cholesterol level: Normal 30-90 mg%

(it should not be less than 25% of total cholesterol level)

The role of triglycerides (neutral fats) in the causation of IHD is not yet clear. The triglyceride levels are as follows:

Normal 35-150 mg%

Borderline 150-190 mg% High above 190 mg%

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Cardio & Blood